Power-generating system.



SHEET 1.

PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

s sEEBTs :u mel' J. M. w., KTHEN. POWER GBNERATING SYSTEM PPLIUATIONFILED JUNE 2, 19.06..

.////4// ///////////////////////////////V////P//,/////////////////-/////// f z m Y E Y illy No. 888,809. PATENTEDAPR. '7, i908. l, J. M. W. KITCHEN. POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

APPLI TION FI ED UN 2 1906.

0A L J E asHzETsnsHBBT z.

im I2- Atty No. 883,809. l PATENTED APR. 7, 1908.

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

. POWER GENERATING SYSTEM.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED JUNI] 2, 1906.

v mon .in power generators.

' and the motor to be actuated an intermedi- 'heat and exhaust steam toi JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST GRANGE.

NEW JERSEY.

rowna-eENaRATrNG sYsTEi/i.

No. ssasoe.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April '7, 1908.

Application filed Slime 2, 1905. Serial No. 319,873.

To all whom it 'may concern: Y

Be it known that I, JOSEPH Moses WARD KITCHEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, and a resident of East Orange, ES- sex county, andStateof New Jersey, have :invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Power Generatinf Systems, of which the following is a specihcation.l

The object of my invention is to secure economy 1n power generation bypreventing wastes in various lines that have heen'coin.-

In carryinv out the purpose of the invention I apply lhoth theexpansiven force of gas explosion and of steam generated from `the heatof explosion. I also use steam produced from the heat of gas generation.I. interpose between the force of gas. explosion ate elastic heatabsorbing medium, such'as steam, air. or other gas singly or admixedwith vapor or steam, and after thisrinterposed ower transmitting meanshas passed throug the motor and become expanded, I recompress the powertransmitting medium Vsteam and vapor thus using it in a circuitousround. Inthis way I render the explosive force of gases more tractablewhen used in power transmission; and inasmuch as I enerally use steam asthe power transmitting medium, I secure the advantages which pertain tothe use ofV steam as a motive agency, and yet secure the .force ofexplosion in actuating a prime motor without doing damage to thatmotorand its connected mechanism from too great heat, and from the jarringshock of intermittent explosions. I apply in this system variousinterdependent economies which are coactive in securing the unitaryaimed for result. I introduoefeatures for producing explosive gas fromthe very cheapest fuel. I provide tor securing by-products `ofconsiderable value, such as ammonia. I utilize latent generate wateryvapor'free from earthy salts to replenish and make good the steamleakages in the system.

n economizin the waste heat of the sysi tem I apply the cwest degreesof,the waste heat for lieatingair for combustion a higher degree of heatfor 'progressivelyT heating wey ter in an eoonomizer steam holler;astill higher degree of heat for producing steam of greater or lesspressure; and apply the highest degree of the waste heat l orsuperhcating steam that has been hi lily compressed. In this way Ieconoinlze arge volumes of low l i and vol atilizing degrees of heat inpower generation that are usually lost, and thus secure in powergeneration the application of both the expansive force of explosion andthe heat of explosion in the distribution of heat energy.

It should be understood that so far as possible I create vapor and steamat a low pressure, and increase the pressure of that steam bythe force'of explosion. I Withdraw exaust steam from the prime l nd other inotorsof the system, and-from the steam generating econoinizers in the systemby means of suction pumps, thus securing the advantages of a vacuumexhaust to the motors and a arge generation of steam or vapor in theeconomizers from low degrees of heat. The

drawn into the mechanism, hy suction, is immediately forced into astorage compression tank, from which it is drawn to the various motorsas needed;

I prefer to use steam as a power transinitting medium because, besidesbeing compressible and cleanly, it absorbs `very large amounts of heat,and when expanding does not interfere with practical results by creatingtoo low a temperature. Steam dilutes the intense he at of explosion, andmakes that force more smooth and controllable.

In this inventionI make use of the force of gravity in econoniizingwaste heat by applying the medium carrying that waste heat from a highlevel to a low level through the ecoiioniizer, and in heating air, wateror steam progressively in a travel from a low level to a high level. Insome applied forms of in v invention, as for example, locomotives, l usethe principle of progressive heating hv the use of several sectionalhorizontally placed tubular boilers 5 and in some cases I also use'various other boilers placed in horif/.ontal relation to each other.

Ialso utilize waste heat by passing such l waste heat through fuel forthe preliminary heating of the fuel. `-In such instances I have the heattra-vel iii a reverse'route from that traveled hy the fuel heated.

In ap plving the principle of utilizing both the expensive power ofexplosion and its heat, i may take the waste heat and transfer that`heat into steam, and in turn create electrical energy through theexpansivo force of steam, and generate heat with the electrical currentin the' interior of a fuel mass with the view of heating the fuel massthe fuel, producing a combustible gas without` adinixture with air.

I do not confine myself to any specific application of suc'h economizingideas, as every ease requires special modifications to suit the 1t bythe frce of explosion, and then reconvlatent heat of steam.

veying it to the motor again in a circulatory manner, I avoid the lossof much of ,the

In generating a replenishing supply of vapor for making good the steamleakages in the system in the way that I do, I can use water of anycharacter, and yet avoid the damaging effects of the deposition ofearthy salts and organic impurities My invention ycomprises a gasvproducer with several novel features,'it being designed to use softbituminous coal, and also coaldust in gas production, and which gas isused in the various gas engines comprised in the system. I use thespecial means herein own for feeding fuel, for producin steam with theheat of the newly produce gases, and for purifyin the gas generated fromtarry, ammoniaca and sulfur contaminants bly securing their condensationon the tubes o the steam producer, running cold water through thosetubes from a low level to a high level, and in some cases using otherrefrigerating means to secure the desired condensation. In some cases I'pass the gas through a series of compartments filled with a fluidatomized spray in the upper levels of the compartments, while the fluidused for producing the spray is gravitated from one compartment toanother, gradually becoming impregnated with ammonia and sulfurcompounds. The current taken by the gas thus subject to urification isina reversed direction to t at taken by the Water or other fluid used tocleanse the gas by being blown in an atomized sprayV through thegascurrent. The force inducing the spray is that of a compressed supplyof the same gas as that which is being cleansed. In some .instances I'may use atower scrubber to clean the gas.

In this invention. I use the force of gravitation to give a sufficientmomentum to gravitating fuel to secure its introduction into the gasgenerator-in a diffused manner. The diffusion is also helped throughinjecting a as free from uncombined oxygen to blow uel and dry the fuelthusI fed. A Such a gas however, may have combined oxygen with it, ascarbon monoXid, carbon dioxid, or hydrocarbon gases.

-gas generator.

In they accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents, in partschematically and in outline, the right hand half of a power generatingsystem embodying my invention.` Fig. 2 represents the left hand half ofthe same system. Fig. 3 shows' a side vertical view of a locomotive andtender embodying my invention. It is shown )artly in section and ispartly cut away. ig. 4 shows the main )oiler of the locomotive. Fig. 5represents in section a gas generator of which a number are used tofurnish producer gas used in the locomotive. -1

In F ig. 1, C re )resents the gas cavity of the represents an endlesschain grate, located in a cavity or pit G2. The pit is impervious exceptat its top, where the grape is introduced. In this cavity is forced coothrough the pipe Q1, for keeping the grate cool; the as being forced upthrou h the interstices of tie gratenland of the fue moved by the gratefrom the fuel hopper Q. I may use water in this pit. G3 is a combustionpit with heat refractory walls W, of a sufficient depth for holding adeep enough bed of fuel to make producer gas or water gas. and dumpinggrate. Heated air for combustion is supplied from the air conduit Aunder the grate, as is also the steam, through the pipes A, used ingasproduction. The gas after its production may be cooled by anadmixture of cooler gas through the tubes Gf to prevent damage to thestructure of the apparatus.v The producer gas is drawn through a mass ofcoke K, or other purifying material, resting on a hollow grate G1 whichis cooled by a current of cool gas passing through the rate from the ipeO4. This grate is shaken y the handle ,The purifying material K removessoot and dust from the gas, which is then drawn through the gas passageO2, to the top of the heating cavity B2, in which is located theeconomizer steam boiler B with .water tubes T, mud drum B", and thescraper S, which is o )eratcd by the lifting and-lowering devices l 3.The scraper S4, when in a lifted position, is heated by hot gases, andwhen lowered scrapes the tarry matters from the lower parts of the tubesT, on which they have condensed,. it being understood that cold water isforced into a low level o'f the boiler B through the feed pipe C2. Asthe gas is cooled, 'it is also drawn to the bottom of the cavity B2, andis drawn through the conduit C1, and C through the scrubber and purifierS, lfig. 2, and through the gas supply pipe li to the engine cylindersE, E, E; heilig purified by the atomizers L4. When desired, fine fuel isfed from thcfeeder F, Fig] through the chute J1 into the gas cavity C,and is given an impetus by the ras-forced through the injector nozzle.O. represents a fuel chute conveying fuel to the fuel hopper Q, throughwhich hopper a coil F1 is passed,

gas free from uncombinedoxygen ,Gl is `a shaking Awhich convoys hotexhaust l induced, draftv passing from the yhot air conduit A, andwithout un-y ases therey through and then out through t e outl'et'Fa.Gas thus vol'atilized from the fuel in the hopper by the hcutiii thecoil-F1 islrau'ir lthrough the conduit` '01 into the gas passage fanoperated bythe'i'notor I3.

producer' gas from the lrottoni cavity'B2 fan l, and

.lt draws cool which is provided to give a free exoilusto' any explosionC. The lid and its frame have gus cooled frame, and from the thefpassagel O2. lThe passing through the cavity G2, arealso forcedthroughthe injectorsY, which are arranged to accelerate the through theash pit A3 deairably,v diluting with nitrogen and loarb on 'dicid theproducergasbcing: made.l f

l boiler of' ordinary construction, Withfa direct updraft exit H3, whichand ay low level exit communicating Witlrthecool exhaust gas stack H,which communicateswith an inducing draft accelerator AIt actuated by aAturbine Il,

having a disk fan l1 which assists the natural draft to pass thcexaustgases 'through the outlet lstack -12 ahovethedrait accelerator.v I jThe' 'engines E, E, E, have Water jackets X,-and have a watercirculation connected with the boiler R1 throughthe, pipes R2 and R3.lEach ygas engine is independent in its vaction ofthe other, or sectionsoengines devoted to V'speciall work'may be run-in series;

' only all yhave, in common the same source of gas supply. `Each enginehas either a con- `ne'cted pumpD for steam compression, and

has .valvesfon` allowing steam to flow into the pump, ora pump D?water-'Where needed through' the pipe U or r:the pump D2 forcesv itsoutflow through the pi e M into the pipe T )Ott er-uses may be fulhengirres5tsuch as D1 which is used in cornressiiigaiid forcing gasthrough thepipeLa or atoni'izing the cleansing'uid in the scrub ber Si'Some draw newlygilformed steamv through; the pipe B1', and 'aftercompressing force the cornpressed vapor ori steam into the equalizerand' storage tank `N through the pipes B3. Others draw exhaust steamthrough the pipe R making a vacuum exhaust'or the prime motor Phandalso`force i't into the com-l l pression and storage .tank N'. i E1, E1, reresent ily wheels'havingcounter-weights 8.' l

of gas that may occur in th(i cavityif lid and frame thi-miglia" pipe,not shown inthe drawings, limduig'into cooling-"gascsj besides i1 )e- 1.into :thev .grate l l e Fig 2, represents an auxiliary '-stieain,

has` .a damper Ha,-

for pumping feed v lled by individu al watery vapor or receivev seancel. represents airinduction' and forcing" supply pipe-S2 to the y`ol'thcheating' whence the hrough thc duct (),'tl1rough'the` y forces'the gas through thoitlnots 'inlafcirculatory iuannerj, 03 and .01, toand through thc saietylidwg,

partly evaporated tions P"5 thcgrate G1V in thel ash `mixed there' withother fvapor and the next.

that followed by subjected to a progressive cleansing as it-- exitleading into Steam is' passed through .the pipeNZv from.

the tankN into thcsupcr-heater S1, having theheatiiig tubes T1, andthenA through the 4 turbine lich reprcsentedby P1, from exhaust steam isreturned-for compression to the pump l), and is thus used pulley' ol wl'Fo-replenish the stcani supply, in 4Caseof aniinpurewater supply,4 someofthe eX- haus` steam isd'rawn through the pipe Z, through the feedwater: purifier and evaporizcrP, sand`il` a `l Y to the, pumps D throughthc' pipe 231, tluimpure Water 4,which is inl passing through theevaporiier P,'isi'orce`d' hy'a pumpy not shown throi'lgli the pipe P2and gravitates from compartment to" compartment over the parti and outthrough the .pipe P3, having lostr 'alarge vamount of its water, andbeing hotand in' concentrated forni, is run under pity A? to furnish-Warin vapor for moderating the too intense heat olthciire.- The vaporcreated inthe evaporizer'P-lis drawn through the -`by a pumpfnot shown,and is compressed by pipe M1 that pump andfifirced ,iiitothe tank N tobe steam. A somewhat similarconstruction is adopted scrubber-S ,in otherscrubbing iluids therethrough. Apertures are provided at' progressivelylower levels in the partitions which separate the fluids in the severalcompartir-rents of the scrubber, andV the fluids gravitate through theseapertures from one compartment to the scrubber in a reversed directionfrom the Iscrubbing fluid it is passes through each successivecompartrnient by the atornizers L1 located in each compartment and whichthe compressed gas forced by the pump D1 through thev pipe L3.' As thecleansing 'are y'actuated b f fluid progresses ythrough the lscrubber itbe-l comes more and Ymore -impregnated with the ammonia and sulfurcompounds of the gas, and is finally drawn oil' through the Huid sealL5. L2 is the pipe conveying hot exhaust gases coinbustion'into thetopof the superheater S1. EZ is another pipe', which 'in the drawing isbroken in its course for clearness,

carrying the same as to the fuel heating coil F1'in the hopper the gasconduit O7.

C4. is a by-pass gas damper.

In startin this power generating apparatus, -a lireA is first built inthe boiler R1, the damper H is-opened and adirectnatural draft createdupthrough the tor It and stack outlet 12;

motor P1, the.

In this Wav asv vthe as trarerses` to which there isa gas t conveyingWater or draft accelerav the form of the acbe conveyed to-,theplaceswhere it will be ed vup and the boilerB generating steam, the

shown there would in practico be means procelerator and its large fan'openings allowing for the free passage of ases into the stack I2. Theby-passd'am er is opened and a fire started in the com ustion it G. Assoon as steam is generated in the oiler R1, the turbine I5 and its`connected fan Il is' started, and this creates a draft through thepassa e-O, the heating cavity B2, the conduit C, t ie .gas by-pass H2with a damper C, and the lower gas stack H. Air for combustion is firstadmitted into the gas cavity C, and the feeding grate G is started. Whenall parts are heatdamper C* is closed, and the damper H'l is opened,when the waste gases from the boiler Rl are drawn into the top of theheater H5 through the conduit H1. Air for combustion is 'then drawndividedly through the heater H5 from below upward, becomin thus heated,into the ash it of the boiler l, and the ash pit A of t e gas enerator,and the damper H .bei opene a plungi draft through the air eater H5 iscreated y the draft accelerator fan I1. The supply of air for combustionnow being shut o from the gas cavity Czproducer gas is created, and thegas engines E, being started,an induced suction draft is created, theproducer gas being drawn to the engines E, E, through the ipes C, C3 andL, and through the branches connecting with the several en inecylinders, each branch being controlle by'a se arate Valve. After theexhaust as from t e engine cylinders is forced throu Il the su erheaterS1, it finally finds its exit rom the ot-l tom of the super-heater throuh the exhaust pipe L1 which connects with t ie stack I-I.

A1 representsthe entrance to the air heating tubes A2.

C2 is a leed water pipe.

Wl is a tar collecting pan.

H1 is the waste gas conduit leadin Y to the air heater H5 through whichrun theheating tubesAZ.

Hi is a damper.'

In connection'with the elements herein vided for withdrawing theproducer gas made in the gas generator and for forcing it into a storagevtank or a coinpressioli tank, neither of which are shown in thedrawings for clearness, from which means the gas can needed forexplosion or other purposes.

In my invention I dilute. hot newly finade gas with a cooler gas of thesame or of a diverse composition, before allowing the newly producedgasto come in 'contact with a heat absorbing surface that might bedamaged by too great degreeof heat in the newly formed ga's. In this wayI protelt the structure of my invention in its several parts fromdestructive. conditions. ln such cases of dilution I usually provide asuflicient amount of heat absorbing surface for thel absorption of theheat generated, to rovide for the absorption of the larger'vo unie ofdiluted heat in the mixed gases of a common lower temperature. In doing.this I usually adopt the principle of applyin heat progressively from aove downward y to a heat absorbing recipient traveling from belowupwardly. lIn carrying out this process I provide means for controllingl the amount of 1 cooler gas that I admix with the hotter gas,

and use a gas that will not adversely affect the qualit'y of the gasbeing produced. I also provide for the p ace in the system where theadmixingprocess occurs, this being particularly the case when I desireto protect certain parts; as e. g. the heat refractory Walls of thecombustion chamber that might become disintegrated by the intense heatof burning coal dust, and also the fuel moving grate G. The place ofadmixture is also arranged so as not to interfere with the nature of thecombustion process in the apparatus. Y,

In the locomotive and tender indicatedby Fig. 3, I showin modified forman application of m invention. The engine and drivtaking place inmachinery of the locomotive are practica y the same as is generallyused. There is a fire box in the lusual place, but of smaller size. Thisis used to get up steam and to sup ly an auxiliary suppl of steam whennee ed. The-boiler o tie locomotive is l. rather in thelnature of a heateconomizer producing small' volumes of steam, and an p'aratus verylittle of the exhaust steam produced is wasted. The draft l is effectedthrough the boilemb;T a system of twyers T, Fig. 4, discharging Xhaustexploded gas in a forward direction to the funnel of the locomotive.This gas traverses the heating tubes of the boiler. This in`ectingsystem Vis placed in an interspace T2, Fig-4, between the last sectionof the boiler which is connected with the combustion chamber, and thesect-ion `next forward to it. In this position the twyers and theirconnecting pipes are protected from the too great heat generated `in thecombustion chamber. Cold feed water is forced from the Water tank X1,Fig. 3, which is located at the bottom of the tender, into themost-forward section of the boiler, and is forced and gravitatesgradually through the sections to and around the com' -in runninglocomotives'.

Most of the energy used in the locomotive v ating gas.

eeeeoe is produced by a line of combustion engines E, E, Fig. 3, whichare arranged on both sides of the boiler,a'1id which are reached frominside the cab, which covers about threefourths oi the rear end of thelocomotive. The several engines have special work to do; but are mainiyemployed in compressing newly formed steam or exhaust steam, and forcingit into the boiler and through the super-:heater N, through which it isdrawn and delivered to the engine cylinders of the locomotive. Afterhaving done its work there, it is returned to the combustion engines forrc-compression. The gas for these engines is generated in aseries ofproducer gas generators M2, located in the tender, in numbers equal tothe work required of the locomotive, such as length of run, load to becarried, etc. Most of the coal needed for a run is stored in thesegenerators, rather than in the tender itself. The tender is elongatedsufficiently to atord space for a sutlcient number of generators and forvfuel bins lil, from which the fuel is taken to supply the fire box ofthe boiler. In the space at the center of the tender, and at a highlevel which allows of a man passing beneath it, there is provided ahorizontally placed combined dry scrubber' and airl heater S4. lu thisapplication of my invention, only a good quality of hard coal or colteis used for generach gas generator has as an envelop a water heater' orboiler, which absorbs the first heat of the gcrkljlritted gas. The steamgenerated by these enveloping boilers is conveyed to the compressioncngines and is forced into thc boiler. 'l`he produccr gas is drawnthrough the scrubber S in a diverse direction from that taken by the airfor combustion, which is drawn through the scrubber and under the gratesof the gas generators by the sticking action of the gas engines.

The exploded gases, after leaving the engines E, E, E, is first runthrough the superheater N before passing through the twycrs into theheating tubcsof the main boiler. ln

the special application of my invention here shown to a locomotive, lindicate in a gcncral way the application of the power generating systcmhere claimed; but l do not rcstrict myself to thc specific form shown.Various other arrangements of thc elements of the invention arepracticallv possible. The saaie ,elements can be arranged in a differentmanner for other applicat ions ofthe` invention. l"or example: bymodified arrangements, thc samc system can bc applied to the propulsionof vessels ofiuany types, and also to certain types of automobiles,especially in those cases whcre this class of invention is used fortraction purposes.

ln further explanation of my invention it should be said that l neitherclaim nor consider asan invention the use ot compressed moisture in thetransmission ot' power,

whether that air is compressed by t-he )ower l of gas explosionor byother power; though l a specific means for compressing air by explosivepower may be so considered. Pneumatic transmission ol powerhas beentensive use l'or a long time.` But if air is intentionally` impregnatedwith enough watery moisture in the form of either spray, vapor or steamto malte the combined gas and fluid a better absorber of heat and abetter transmitter of power than ordinary air, and is then compressedmechanically and utilized ina motor, such useinvolves in part, theinventive idea claimed herein.

fair carrying ordinary amounts of watery l l l through water into steamandA then mechanically compressing the steam, the expansive force in thcsteam is utilized on one side of the pistons of the compression pumpsand through the crank shafts connecting both pumps and explosioncylinders, and fly wheels of the engines, in partially overcoming thefriction and inertia that must be overcome in the mechanical compressionof the steam.

The amount. ot' com )rcssion given to the va )or or steam evolvedfroiilithe waste heat will depend upon varying i'fonditons. ally, toeconomize force, l do not compress the vapor or steam to a degree thatwill raise the temperature otthc compressed vapor or steam to above apoint where it will readily plosion in a supcrhetiter; butflifn somesimple forms of apparatus, such asin the case where a liquidlrvdro-carbon is used togenerate the gas for explosion,- l utilize allthe jacket heat and exploded gas exhaust in one economizer boiler, a-ndthcn compress the vapor or steam produced in that boiler to a point thatwill give, through the force of mechanical compression alone, a goodworking pressure in the accunmlator-steam tank, and that will secure asullicient super-heat in the steam.

ln some cases of simplo'forms of apparatus l use mechanically compressedordinary air to. initiate pow-.er transmission through the motors ol'the s vstem until steam or vapor can he produced t'rom the heat ofexplosion to bu used for the compressed medium of power transmission.

What l claimas new is:

,1. ln a power generating system, the combination of (l) moans for (2)means for generating power through cxplosion, (I) means for transferringthe force of vexplosion to steam, (4) means for convey-` ing the steamcarrying thc force of explosion to a motor, and (5) said motor.

2. ln a power generating system, the combination of (l) means forgenerating steam, (2) means l'or generating power through ex i plosion,(3) neans for transferring the forcein ex- In transferring the heat ofexplosionv absorb the higher degrees o f the heat of eXv generatingstcam,`

of explosion and the heat of explosion to steam, (4) means for conveying'the steam carrying the combined force and heat of explosion to a motor,and (5) said motor.

3. In a power generating system, the combination of (1) means forutilizing low dcrees of heat to produce vapor or steam of ow pressure,(2) means l'or compressing said vapor or steam when formed, (3) meansfor applying the force ot' explosion to actuate the compressing means,and (4) means for utilizing said compressed steam.

4. 11i a power generating system, tlie combination of (1) means forexploding gases, (2) means for com iressing a lieat absorbing powerconveying fluid medium by tlie force of explosion, (3) means fortransferring'tlie lieat of explosion to said medium, (4) means forconveying said compressed medium bearing tflie absorbed lieat of exilosion to a motor, (5) said motor, (6) an exlliaust conduit for saidiiiediu'in leading to an exliaust pump, and (7) means comprising saidpumps for tlie reintroduction ol said medium to said compressing meansl'or tlietiavel of said medium iii a`circuitous round between saidcompressing means aiid'said motor.

5. ln ay powergenerating system, tlie conilination ol (l) means l'orproducing 'explosive gases, (2) means l'or producing motive power bytlie explosion ot` said gases, said second named means comprising anengine, (3) means l'or producing steam, including irovision l'or yitsgeneration l'roni tlie waste lient oll said engine` (t) means l'orutilizing tlie l'oi'ec ol' tlie explosive. gases to compress tlie steam,(5) a motor, and (t'i) iiieaus l'or conveying tlie compressed steam totlie motor l'or utilizing tlie l'orce ol` tlie coinpressed steam in tliemotor.

(i. lna power generating system, tlie combination ol (l) means l'orproducing explosive. gas, (LZ) an internal combustion enginel l'orproducing lieat and energy tlirougli tlie explosion ol`,said gas, (Btuwater picket for said engine l'or absoibiiig lieat lrom lsaid engine,(4)' a supplenientary boiler deriving lient I'rom said engine and jacketl'or beating water and producing steam, and (5) an economizer'providingl'or tlie passage of a medium l'or lieat absorption and steaniformationin a vertical current l'rom a low level to a. liigli level and l'or tlietravel of tlie lieating gases generated in a reverse current from aliigli level to a low level.

7. ln a power generating system, tlie coinbination of (l) a generatorol' combustible gas, (2) an engine actuated by tlie explosion ol' saidgas, (3) meansactuated by said'enginc l`or compressing a medium l'ortransmitting power, said tliird named means being exeiiiplilied by apump lor compressing steam, (l) means l`or stoi'iiig said medium inacoinpressed state and l'or securing an equalized expansive outllow olsaid medium from said storing means, (5) means for conveying'said mediumunder pressure to a motor, (6) said motor, and (7) econoinizers forheating air for combustion and for producing steam with tlie waste beatproduced in said generator ol` gas `and in said engine.

S. ln a power generating system, the coinbiiiatioii o (l) a gasgenerator, (2)an internal combustion engine for exploding said gastY (3)means actuated by said engine for compressing a medium for powertransmission,

(4) means l or storing said power compressed medium and for equalizingthe outflowing pressure of said medium lroin said storage means, (5)means for inducing a draft,

tlirougli tlie said system, (6) lieat absorbing economizers comprisingpassages for'absorbl ing lieat generated 'in said system for gas.

travel, and (7) means for controlling the amount ot beat passing throughsaid system and said passages tor gas travel of said economizers.

t). ln a power generating system, the combination of (l) means lforproducing explosive gas, (2) an internal combustion engine tor explodingsaid gas, (2%) means for, producing yapoi or steam ol' low pressure fromthe lieat generated in said system, (4) motors actuated by said vapor orsteam, (5) means for coinpressing said vapor or steam of low pressureand also l'or compressing exhaust steanifrom said motors, and (6)ineansfor accumulating and l'or conveying said compressed vapor or steamto said motors. l

lt). ln a. power generating system, tlie combination of (i) an internalcombustion engine, (2) a. steam Vgenerator for furnishing" .st-cani forstarting tlie motors of said system v and l`or equaliziiig tbe amountvof k'steam4 needed in said system, (3) a steam boiler for eeonomizingwaste. lieat and for producing steam as an adjunct source of power totliat created by said engine, (4) a superlieater for' controlling tlietemperature ol' tlie steam used in actuating tlie motors of said system,(5) said motors, an air lieatei for lieating'air l`or combustion witliwaste beat, (7) means forinducing a dral't in said system, (S) means forforcing a dral't in said system, (9) a gas produc-er comprisingprovision for automatically feeding l'uel into said gas producer,(10)-'nieans l'or supplyimir vand controlling tlie supply of steam andlieated air to sait gas producer, (ll) lmeans for storing tlie `powercreated by -said engine and vfor conby exploding gases, (4) means forconveying ilo the steam thus mechanically compressed to comprising provision'for producing combus- 55 a motor, and said motor. tibleas byvolatilizin uel with said econo- In a power generating system, the mize`leat Without tiie'gases bearing the combination of (1) an explosionengine, (2) heat of en losion becomin mixed with' said 5 means forproducing steam, (3) means for combustible gas volatilized ythe heat ofexcompressing said steam with the power plosion, and (6) means forconveying the 60 evolved by said engine and for forcing said 'newlyformed combustible gas to' a place o f Steam to a motor, (4) said motor,(5)'1neans combustion. vfor drawing said. steam back into said third 15.In a power generating system, the named means for the repeated use ofsaid combination-"of (1) means forgenerating gas, steam as a circulatorymotive medium (2) means for generating and compressin 65 Without theloss ci much of thelatent heat oi steam, (3) means for purifying saidgas, sai said steam, (5) means for replenishing the means forpurifyinggas comprlsing provision volume of said steam with vapor free from for'condensing tar, (4) jneansv for removing earthy salts and othercontaminants, (6) ,i other cotamlnants insaid gasi'(5) means means forheating said steam when comf for explbding gas, and (6) means for trans-70 pressed, (7) means for producing steam from f mitting thpowerzofexplosion to the means the-heat generated in making a combustiblel forcompesslng Steam.' u f gas, and (8) means for introducing said steam'16": In a-fpower generatin system, the

` 1nto` any desired part of said system through con'lbination4 of,` (1)means or generating suction or by compression. steam, (2) meansjforutilizing said steam for. 75 13. In a power generating system,y the'motive power, (3) means for creating watery? combination of (1)aproducer gas generator, vapor or steam of low ressure' from the (2)means for cooling the newly made Ygas waste heat ofsaid system orreplenishing the evolved in said gas enerator, and formakmg leakages orWastes of st eam;.u sed for power steam from the coo ing of said gas,(3) a plutransmission in vsaid system,l and (4) means 80 rality of indeendentl r actuated explosion for giving expansive force' to said va oryor engines for e ecting with separate 'engines steam of lov'prggsure bymechanica comthe various lines of work needed for the operpression andforjf" adding said compressed 3o ation of said system, (fi) other' meansof provapor or steam to the steam generated by ducing steam forinitiating action in said* the first named mean s.- 85 system and forequalizing the amount of 17. In a power generating s stem, the lsteamneeded in said system, (5) means for combination of (l) means for ma 'ngexplothe f' mechanical compression of steam and sive gas, (2) an enginefor the explosion of for the use of said steam at various parts of saidgas (3) means 'for producing steam or said system, 6) means forconveying steam va or 'olg low prsure `from the low degrees 90 tovariousparts of said system, (7) means of eat yproducedbyfftheiekplosion of as in for heating air for combustionwith waste saidengine, (4) meangifA for mechanicallyv heat generated in said system andfor feedcompressing said steam-,produced by low 40 lng said heated airto said gas generator, and degrees of heat with lthif'rce of said en''ne,

(8) a motor actuated by the expansive force (5) means for supeilietingwith the i h 95 lof said compressed steam, said combination degrees ofheat generatedby said engine t e comprising provision for thecirculatory use steam `inechamcally''icompressed by'sald enof 'saidsteam and for the economization of gine, (b) meansforutilizing ina-motor the the latent heat of said steam. steam thusgeneratedcompressed and super- 14. In a power generating system, theheated, (7) said motor, and-(8) meansior 100 combination of (1) meansfor making proeconomizing the exhaust steam fromsaid l ducer gas withlow cost fusi, (2) means for motor. cooling said gas and producingsteam, (3) Signed at New York, N. Y., this 29th day means for purifyingsaid gas, (4) means vfor of May, 1906. I

explodin said gas and producing power by JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN. saldexp osion, (5) means for economizlng Witnesses: the heat of explosion(such as in heating OLIVE B. KING, fuel in the hopper Q),said Frithnamed means GEO. L. WHEELOCK.

